confirm的医学含义
v. 确定，批准，证实
本刊例句：Wilson’s disease was confirmed by clinical observation, as well as physical, imaging, and biochemical examinations

词形变化
动词过去式: confirmed 动词过去分词: confirmed
动词现在分词: confirming 动词第三人称单数: confirms
形容词: confirmable 名词: confirmability

词义辨析
approve, confirm, sanction
这些动词均有“批准”之意。
approve: 普通用词，常指正式的或官方的批准。
confirm: 强调按法律程序提出确认或批准。
sanction: 语气最强，多指官方的同意或批准，是书面用词。